Research on the ecologization of soil cultivation technologies on the level of weed infestation in sunflower, soybean and grain corn crops

Abstract

Didur Ihor, Pantsyreva Hanna*, Polishchuk Mykhailo, Aralova Tetiana, Matusyak Mykhailo, Tsyhanska Olena, Palamarchuk Inna, Mostovenko Voldemar, Piddubna Antonina, Pankova Snizhana

Modern biologized technologies require the implementation of scientifically sound measures that combine agrotechnical, chemical and biological methods, which makes this issue extremely relevant. The aim of the article was to evaluate the effectiveness of various forms of the drug Lipaktiv in combination with soil and insurance herbicides compared to the effect of Liposam on sunflower, soybean and corn crops for grain. Field and laboratory tests were conducted during 2021-2024 on the basis of the scientific research farm “Agronomichne” of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, located in the village of Agronomichne, Vinnytsia region. The main indicators were: The number of weeds and their death, according to standard methods. It was established that in experiments with sunflower, with natural moistening with an additional 100 mm of precipitation, 19 ± 4 weeds/m² were recorded on the control plot without the use of Liposam. The use of Liposam extra reduced this indicator to 12 ± 3 weeds/m², which is 7 units less. The best result was obtained when combining the soil herbicide with Liposam ultra 9 ± 1 weeds/m², which is 10 units less than the control. In the variant with the herbicide guardian tetra and Liposam, there was an average of 14 ± 3 weeds/m². On soybean crops, the combination of the herbicide with Liposam at doses of 0.5 and 0.8 l/ha turned out to be the best-the difference between these variants was insignificant. A similar picture was observed on corn crops. The results showed that the combination of the soil herbicide with the adhesive Liposam does not significantly affect the density of seedlings. The most effective 30 days after application was the use of Liposam ultra in combination with the herbicide, with a minimum level of weediness 9 ± 1 pcs/m². On soybeans and corn, the best results were also shown by the use of Liposam in doses of 0.5-0.8 l/ha. The minimum number of weeds on corn14 ± 3 pcs/m² was recorded in the variant with Liposam ultra 0.5 l/ha and additional moistening. The proposed agrotechnical approaches based on elements can be effectively implemented to improve the technologies for growing grain crops, in particular sunflower, soybeans and corn.