New biotechnological applications and metagenomic analysis of the microbial communities in seawater

Abstract

Abo-Aba SEM*, Fakieh Mohammad H and Baoum Riham O

Metagenomics is a method that studies genetic material extracted from environmental samples to understand the makeup, functions and dynamics of microbiomes. Studying organisms that are challenging to cultivate in laboratories and exploring species in their natural habitats are made easier by this emerging area of genetic research. These communities are diverse and widespread, found in various environments, including seawater ecosystems. Understanding their impact on ecosystems is crucial, as they include bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists and viruses. With their high challenges, seawater ecosystems have a significant microbial population, with many species playing crucial roles in biogeochemical cycles. Advancements in genomics and sequencing have revolutionized microbial ecology by using culture-independent molecular approaches. Techniques like genetic fingerprinting, metagenomics, metaproteomics, metatranscriptomics and proteogenomics provide valuable views about the microbial communities structurally and functionally, enabling studying microorganisms and their interactions with environmental elements. Overall, recognizing the implications of microbiomes on ecosystems is crucial for addressing global challenges and improving ecosystem health.