An evaluation of the public's knowledge regarding the risks associated with weight loss injections in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Anas Ali Alhur*, Moayad Alhamdani, Ruba Khunayn, Maram Alshehri, Lubna Alqahtani, Raghad Alsufyani, Samren Alhadi, Wejdan Alqarni, Farah Alasmari, Khalid Shaher, Jumana Almalki, Abdullah bin Shahbal, Sarah Alahmari, Leena Al Shehri and Mawaddah Barniyah

Background: Obesity remains a critical public health issue globally and in Saudi Arabia, where the increasing prevalence of obesity has heightened interest in interventions such as liraglutide and semaglutide injections. Despite their widespread use, public knowledge about potential risks, including gastrointestinal distress, pancreatitis, and thyroid complications, is limited, raising concerns about safe practices.

Objective: This study evaluates public knowledge and perceptions regarding the risks of weight loss injections in Saudi Arabia, identifies demographic factors influencing awareness, and proposes strategies to enhance education and safety.

Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted, targeting Saudi residents aged 18 and older. A sample of 1,300 participants was selected through random sampling. Data were gathered using an online questionnaire distributed via social media platforms and analyzed with SPSS version 26.0. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were employed to examine associations between demographic variables and knowledge levels. Ethical approval was secured from the University of Hail.

Results: The findings reveal high awareness (96%) of weight loss injections, with 95% of participants recognizing potential side effects. However, misconceptions about the mechanisms and purposes of these injections were evident, with 58% associating them mainly with appetite suppression. Social media emerged as the dominant source of information (42%), surpassing healthcare providers (30%). Logistic regression highlighted significant communication gaps between patients and healthcare providers, emphasizing the need for proactive healthcare engagement.

Conclusion: While public awareness of weight loss injections is high, a comprehensive understanding of their risks and mechanisms remains inadequate. Bridging these gaps through targeted public health campaigns, regulatory oversight, and improved patient-provider communication is crucial to promoting informed and safe use. Future research should explore cultural and behavioral factors influencing perceptions and behaviors surrounding weight loss treatments.